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''No Struggle for Existence, No Natural Selection: A Critical Examination of the Fundamental Principles of the Darwinian Theory'' is a 1908 book by George Paulin. Paulin argues in the book that there is no struggle for existence in nature and that all small individual variations are eventually eliminated by cross-breeding. The book heavily criticized Charles Darwin's writings on natural selection and also attempted to refute Malthusian theory.〔No Struggle For Existence; No Natural Selection by George Paulin. ''British Medical Journal''. Vol. 1, No. 2469 (Apr. 25, 1908), p. 993.〕〔McAtee, W. L. ''The Malthusian Principle in Nature''. ''The Scientific Monthly''. Vol. 42, No. 5 (May, 1936), pp. 444-456.〕 The book was negatively reviewed in the ''British Medical Journal'' claiming "we are not sufficiently impressed by () author's arguments".〔 One of Paulin's main arguments was that carnivora rarely attack each other and the male in all species is found to kill the young at birth.〔Hollands, Edmund H. (1909). ''No Struggle for Existence, No Natural Selection: a Critical Examination of the Fundamental Principles of the Darwinian Theory by George Paulin''. ''The Philosophical Review''. Vol. 18, No. 2. pp. 235-236.〕 Paulin stated that "Darwin's conception of the cruelty of nature to her sentient offspring is wholly mistaken." He argued that the struggle for existence emphasized by Darwin was immoral.〔Craggs, O. A. ''No Struggle for Existence: No Natural Selection. A Critical Examination of the Fundamental Principles of the Darwinian Theory by George Paulin''. Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1906-1916). Vol. 8, No. 30 (October 1913), pp. 373-374.〕 This was disputed by a reviewer who wrote that Paulin's idea that there was no struggle for existence amongst animals, because of the destruction of young offspring by males is "more revolting than the most horrible struggle for existence suggested by Darwin and the attempt to fix a charge of immorality upon scientific theorems with which we do not agree is itself of doubtful morality."〔 The philosopher Edmund Hollands also negatively reviewed the book pointing out that Paulin was "apparently not a biologist, nor is he much read in biological literature... Mr. Paulin himself espouses Lamarckism in the body of his book, though without at any time considering, or even perceiving, the difficulties involved in it."〔 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「No Struggle for Existence, No Natural Selection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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